The IBM 1397000 Keyboard

Note: You need a browser capable of displaying SVG images to see the keyboard layouts.

The IBM 1397000 keyboard (described on the box as the "IBM Personal System/2 Host Connected Keyboard") is a 122-key Model M terminal emulator keyboard.

This particular model uses the US layout and has a detachable SDL cable.

Some serial numbers associated with this keyboard are:

1397000

The keyboard part number

1397050

The keyboard FRU number

1396400

The part number for the complete package (keyboard plus driver floppy)

1396063

Controller PCB

1396064

6805 Microcontroller

Identity

When sent an identify command (0xF2), the keyboard returns the byte sequence 0xAB 0x86.

Scancodes

The keys on the 1397000 are laid out like this:

The keyboard supports all three IBM scancode sets. The scancodes it returns are:

Set 1

Notes:

• Smaller numbers shown in circles are holes in the keyboard with no springs, corresponding to unused positions covered by double-sized keys.
• As on other Model M keyboards I've seen, there's a second hole under the spacebar, which doesn't respond when poked with a screwdriver and is therefore probably just for a stabiliser.
• Attn / SysRQ (shaded magenta) generates 71 if Alt is not held down, 54 if it is.
• Pause / ErInp (shaded yellow) generates the sequence E11D,45,E19D,C5 when pressed (ie, Press fake Ctrl, press NumLock, release fake Ctrl, release NumLock) and nothing on release. If real Ctrl is held, it sends scancodes E145, E1C5 on press and nothing on release.
• Print / PrtSc (shaded green) generates scancodes E02A, E037 (ie: Press fake Shift, press PrintScreen) on press, and E0B7, E0AA on release. If any of Shift, Ctrl or Alt are pressed, it generates only E037 on press and E0B7 on release.
• NumLk / ScrLk (shaded cyan) generates scancode 46 [Scroll Lock] if Shift is not pressed, 45 [Num lock] if Shift is pressed.
• Space / Slash / Break (shaded violet) generates E035 (Keypad /) if no Ctrl key is down. If one is it sends E046 E0C6 (Ctrl-Break down, Ctrl-Break up) on press, and nothing on release.
• A number of keys send fake shift press and release codes under various circumstances. I am assuming these to be the same as for the 101-key PS/2 keyboard, listed here.

Set 1 is not intended to be translated by the keyboard controller. If you do turn translation on, you get these codes:

Notes:

• These are 'make' codes. The 'break' codes, being in the 80-FF range, mostly avoid being translated; so (for example) A has the make code 03 but the break code 9E.

Set 2

Notes:

• The five highlighted keys, as in Set 1, send different key sequences depending on what shifts are pressed:
• Attn / SysRQ sends 19 if Alt is not pressed, 84 if it is.
• Pause / ErInp sends E114 77 E1F014 F077 if Ctrl is not pressed, E177 E1F077 if it is.
• Print / Prtsc sends E012 E07C if none of Shift / Ctrl / Alt is pressed, E07C if one is.
• NumLk / ScrLk sends 7E if Shift is not pressed, 77 if it is.
• Space / Slash / Break sends E04A if Ctrl is not pressed. If Ctrl is pressed it sends E07E E0F07E on press and nothing on release.

These scancodes are expected to be translated by the keyboard controller, producing the same output that you'd get from (untranslated) Set 1:

Set 3

Set 3 uses the same position-based coding as the 122-key terminal keyboards and the 84-key AT keyboard. It is the only set to distinguish between the key position above Return (where Backslash is on a 101-key keyboard) and the one to the left of Return (where Hash is on a 102-key keyboard).

Notes:

• Only the keys highlighted in grey return break codes (F0 xx).
• Compared to a 102-key keyboard, some keys have different Set 3 scancodes. For example, on a 102-key keyboard PgUp and PgDn have the set 3 scancodes 6F and 6D, respectively. On a 122-key keyboard they have set 3 scancodes 6E and 6F, because they're in different places.

After translation by the keyboard controller, these codes become:

So, here's my grand unified list of Set 3 scancodes, sorted by number.

• The "Key position" columns are an indication of position rather than keycap.
• Keys where the set 1 / 2 scancode differs between the 122-key keyboard and a normal 101 / 102-key keyboard are highlighted.

Set 3 code	Translated Set 3 code	122-key			101 / 102-key
		Key position	Set 2 code	Set 1 code	Key position	Set 2 code	Set 1 code
01	43	F9 (left function key block)	5C	75
02	--	Not assigned (why?)	--	--
03	3F	F5 (left function key block)	53	74
04	3D	F3 (left function key block)	39	72
05	3B	F1 (left function key block)	19 / 84	71 / 54
06	3C	F2 (left function key block)	5F	76
07	58	F1 (top function key block)	05	3B	same	05	3B
08	64	F13 (top function key block)	1F	5B	Esc	76	01
09	44	F10 (left function key block)	48	6C
0A	42	F8 (left function key block)	6F	6F
0B	40	F6 (left function key block)	50	6D
0C	3E	F4 (left function key block)	77 / E177	45 / E145
0D	0F	Tab	0D	0F	same	0D	0F
0E	29	Key to the left of 1	0E	29	same	0E	29
0F	59	F2 (top function key block)	06	3C	same	06	3C
10	65	F14 (top function key block)	27	5C
11	38	Left Ctrl	14	1D	same	14	1D
12	2A	Left Shift	12	2A	same	12	2A
13	70	\ (if adjacent to left Shift)	61	56	same	61	56
14	1D	Caps Lock	58	3A	same	58	3A
15	10	Q	15	10	same	15	10
16	02	1	16	02	same	16	02
17	5A	F3 (top function key block)	04	3D	same	04	3D
18	66	F15 (top function key block)	5E	5D
19	71	Left Alt	11	38	same	11	38
1A	2C	Z	1A	2C	same	1A	2C
1B	1F	S	1B	1F	same	1B	1F
1C	1E	A	1C	1E	same	1C	1E
1D	11	W	1D	11	same	1D	11
1E	03	2	1E	03	same	1E	03
1F	5B	F4 (top function key block)	0C	3E	same	0C	3E
20	67	F16 (top function key block)	5E	63
21	2E	C	21	2E	same	21	2E
22	2D	X	22	2D	same	22	2D
23	20	D	23	20	same	23	20
24	12	E	24	12	same	24	12
25	05	4	25	05	same	25	05
26	04	3	26	04	same	26	04
27	5C	F5 (top function key block)	03	3F	same	03	3F
28	68	F17 (top function key block)	08	64
29	39	Spacebar	29	39	same	29	39
2A	2F	V	2A	2F	same	2A	2F
2B	21	F	2B	21	same	2B	21
2C	14	T	2C	14	same	2C	14
2D	13	R	2D	13	same	2D	13
2E	06	5	2E	06	same	2E	06
2F	5D	F6 (top function key block)	0B	40	same	0B	40
30	69	F18 (top function key block)	10	65
31	31	N	31	31	same	31	31
32	30	B	32	30	same	32	30
33	23	H	33	23	same	33	23
34	22	G	34	22	same	34	22
35	15	Y	35	15	same	35	15
36	07	6	36	07	same	36	07
37	5E	F7 (top function key block)	83	41	same	83	41
38	6A	F19 (top function key block)	18	66
39	72	Right Alt	E011	E038	same	E011	E038
3A	32	M	3A	32	same	3A	32
3B	24	J	3B	24	same	3B	24
3C	16	U	3C	16	same	3C
3D	08	7	3D	08	same	3D	08
3E	09	8	3E	09	same	3E	09
3F	5F	F8 (top function key block)	0A	42	same	0A	42
40	6B	F20 (top function key block)	20	67
41	33	<	41	33	same	41	33
42	25	K	42	25	same	42	25
43	17	I	43	17	same	43	17
44	18	O	44	18	same	44	18
45	0B	0	45	0B	same	45	0B
46	0A	9	46	0A	same	46	0A
47	60	F9 (top function key block)	01	43	same	01	43
48	6C	F21 (top function key block)	28	68
49	34	>	49	34	same	49	34
4A	35	?	4A	35	same	4A	35
4B	26	L	4B	26	same	4B	26
4C	27	:	4C	27	same	4C	27
4D	19	P	4D	19	same	4D	19
4E	0C	-	4E	0C	same	4E	0C
4F	61	F10 (top function key block)	09	44	same	09	44
50	6D	F22 (top function key block)	30	69
51	73	Unused position under right Shift	51	73	same	51	73
52	28	@	52	28	same	52	28
53	74	\ (if adjacent to Enter)	5D	2B	same	5D	2B
54	1A	[	54	1A	same	54	1A
55	0D	+	55	0D	same	55	0D
56	62	F11 (top function key block)	78	57	same	78	57
57	6E	F23 (top function key block)	40	6A	Print Screen / SysRQ	E07C / 84	E037 / 54
58	3A	Right Ctrl	E014	E01D	same	E014	E01D
59	36	Right Shift	59	36	same	59	36
5A	1C	Enter	5A	1C	same	5A	1C
5B	1B	]	5B	1B	same	5B	1B
5C	75	\ (if above Enter)	5D	2B	same	5D	2B
5D	2B	\ (if adjacent to Backspace)	6A	7D	same	6A	7D
5E	63	F12 (top function key block)	07	58	same	07	58
5F	76	F24 (top function key block)	40	6B	Scroll Lock	7E	46
60	55	Cursor down	E072	E050	same	E072	E050
61	56	Cursor left	E06B	E04B	same	E06B	E04B
62	77	Key between cursor keys	E06C	E047	Pause / Break	77 / E07E	45 / E046
63	78	Cursor up	E075	E048	same	E075	E048
64	79	3x2 block, lower row, left column (End)	E069	E04F	(Delete)	E071	E053
65	7A	3x2 block, lower row, middle column (Insert)	E070	E052	(End)	E069	E04F
66	0E	Backspace	66	0E	same	66	0E
67	7B	3x2 block, upper row, left column (PA1)	17	5A	(Insert)	E070	E052
68	7C	Unused position under keypad 0	68	7C	same	68	7C
69	4F	Keypad 1	69	4F	same	69	4F
6A	7D	Cursor right	E074	E04D	same	E074	E04D
6B	4B	Keypad 4	6B	4B	same	6B	4B
6C	47	Keypad 7	6C	47	same	6C	47
6D	7E	3x2 block, lower row, right column (Delete)	E071	E053	(PgDn)	E07A	E051
6E	7F	3x2 block, upper row, middle column (PgUp)	E07D	E049	(Home)	E06C	E047
6F	6F	3x2 block, upper row, right column (PgDn)	E07A	E051	(PgUp)	E07D	E049
70	52	Keypad 0	70	52	same	70	52
71	53	Keypad .	71	53	same	71	53
72	50	Keypad 2	72	50	same	72	50
73	4C	Keypad 5	73	4C	same	73	4C
74	4D	Keypad 6	74	4D	same	74	4D
75	48	Keypad 8	75	48	same	75	48
76	01	Keypad top left corner (Esc)	76	01	(Num Lock)	77	46
77	45	Keypad top row, second column (NumLk / ScrLk)	7E / 77	46 / 45	(Keypad /)	E04A	E035
78	57	Unused position under keypad Enter	63	78	same	63	78
79	4E	Keypad Enter	E05A	E01C	same	E05A	E01C
7A	51	Keypad 3	7A	51	same	7A	51
7B	4A	Keypad -	7B	4A	Unused position under Keypad +	6D	7E
7C	37	Keypad +	79	4E	same	79	4E
7D	49	Keypad 9	7D	49	same	7D	49
7E	46	Keypad top row, third column (*)	7C	37	same	7C	37
83	41	F7 (left function key block)	E07C	E037
84	54	Keypad top right hand corner (/)	E04A / E07E	E035 / E046	(keypad -)	7B	4A
And the following six aren't present on the 122-key board, but are included for completeness:
8B	8B				Left Windows	E01F	E05B
8C	8C				Right Windows	E027	E05C
8D	8D				Menu	E02F	E05D
none	none				Wake	E05E	E063
none	none				Sleep	E03F	E05F
none	none				Power	E037	E05E

A minor oddity: A 122-key IBM board in set 3 can return 127 scancodes. These are all in a nice consecutive 7-bit range, except for two. The key that (from diagrams) you'd expect to send 02h, sends 83h. And the 7Fh key sends 84h. If the microcontroller on the motherboard is translating scancodes, it treats these pairs as identical: both 02h and 83h get mapped to 41h, and both 7Fh and 84h get mapped to 54h.

Possibly these two keys had some special meaning on the 3270-series terminals where set 3 scancodes seem to have originated.

Under Windows 3.0

The keyboard is supplied with a driver for Windows 3.0, which must be installed by editing SYSTEM.INI. The driver makes scancodes from the extra keys on the keyboard register as Windows virtual keys.

Oddly, the VK codes returned by function keys F17-F24 do not match the ones defined in <windows.h>. This appears to be because VK_F17 and VK_F18 have different definitions in the Windows SDK and DDK, and VK_F19 and up just aren't there. The same mismatch on VK_F17 and VK_F18 is still present in the Windows 98 DDK. There is a brief mention in the DDK documentation that the 'wrong' F17 and F18 are specific to the Olivetti M24 102-key keyboard, but that still doesn't explain why the same symbols were used for different keycodes, or why the DDK is missing VK_F19 to VK_F24.

Key	VK_ code in Windows 3.1 SDK	Driver returns
F17	0x80	0xE0 (Olivetti F17)
F18	0x81	0xE1 (Olivetti F18)
F19	0x82	0x8A
F20	0x83	0x8B
F21	0x84	0x8C
F22	0x85	0x8D
F23	0x86	0x8E
F24	0x87	0x8F

Driver Internals

Internally, the driver is very similar to the one that comes with Windows 3.0. The points of difference are:

• The keyboard subtype (obtained by GetKeyboardType(1) ) is set to 1. The normal driver returns subtype 0.
• Scancode tables are longer to support the extra scan codes.
• The GetKeyNameText() function supports the extra scan codes.
• If interrogated by GetKeyboardType(2), the driver reports 24 function keys rather than 12.
• Keys with scancodes between 0x70 and 0x76 (ie: Attn, Clear, CrSel, ExSel and Zoom) generate key-down and key-up events when pressed, and nothing when released.
• Since SysRq is not on the same key as PrintScreen, the code that distinguishes between SysRq and PrintScreen is slightly different.
• On keyboards with a Shift Lock (rather than Caps Lock) key, there is extra code in ToASCII() to distinguish real shifts from shifts generated by Shift Lock being on.

Under Windows NT / 2000 / XP

The extra keys (F13-F24 and so on) return scancodes under Windows NT 3.5 and later. However, the VK_ codes they use do not match the keycaps. This can be corrected with replacement layout DLLs. Suitable US/UK files are available here, with instructions how to generate your own in other languages.

Under Linux

The following scripts allow the extra keys to be used under Linux (tested on Ubuntu 9.10, in X11):

1. keycodes_1227t: Assigns Linux keycodes to the extra keys. Put this in (say) /usr/local/sbin:

   sudo install -m 755 keycodes_1227t /usr/local/sbin

   and then add a line to /etc/rc.local to call it, just before the "exit 0":

   # By default this script does nothing.
   
   /usr/local/sbin/keycodes_1227t
   exit 0

2. xmodmap should be saved in your home directory and renamed to .Xmodmap, with a leading dot and a capital X. The next time you log in, you should be asked whether to load the file. Highlight the ".Xmodmap" file and click "Load".
3. You will probably also need to add the option atkbd.softraw=0 to the kernel command line. Edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and add it to the end of the line that starts kernel.

If this worked, you should be able to run xev and see keypresses on the extra keys being detected.

---

John Elliott 21 July 2011.